There are several things which need to be kept in mind as the debate over Arizona’s new anti-illegal immigrant laws continues to boil.
As a preliminary matter, however, consider this legal nugget: when a “bill” gets passed by the Legislature and sent to the Governor for signing, it thereafter gets filed with the Secretary of State for permanent safekeeping. It is then assigned a “chapter” designation consisting of a number, usually determined by the sequence in the legislative session when the bill is delivered to the Secretary of State, and the Legislative session when it was enacted. Thereafter, the “bill” number - in this debate, “SB 1070″ - becomes a footnote. The “law” is “Chapter 113, Laws 2010, as amended Chapter 211, Laws 2010.”
OK, on to the meat.
First, if the federal government had been doing its job over the past, say, fifty years (yes, Virginia, both Republicans and Democrats must share responsibility for the nonfeasance which has produced the crisis), there would likely have been no need for Chapter 113, Laws 2010, as amended Chapter 211, Laws 2010.
Because of the mind-boggling incompetence of federal officials in the past - including then-U.S. Attorney for the District of Arizona, now-Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano - to do the necessary things to secure the border, the new laws are a direct outgrowth of that federal misfeasance, malfeasance and nonfeasance in office. Thank you so much, Secretary Napolitano… et al.
Second, if you understand nothing else in the debate, understand this: the furor over the new Arizona laws has nothing to do with any legitimate fear of “racial profiling,” that convenient, generic bromide coughed up by the Al Sharpton’s and Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon’s of the world who can muster no other rational argument against the law.
Instead, the faux rage has everything to do with fear that a largely race-based claimed license to violate immigration law based on skin color which federal indifference has allowed to grow and take root in the past will be put at risk of being suspended or, worse, revoked. ¡Ay, Chihuahuas!
Those who cry “racial profiling” when a state - today, Arizona; tomorrow, who knows? - tries to protect its citizens from the onslaught of illegal immigrants pouring over the border… somehow get a bad case of laryngitis when federal officials, however sporadically and ineffectively, ask: “may I see your papers, please?”
Remember, Virginia, for over seventy years, the federal law has been that any non-citizen who has been allowed into the country - such a person being defined by federal statute as an “alien,” and not as a PC “undocumented immigrant” - must carry and be prepared to display documentary evidence confirming his authorized presence. And it matters not if the person be a Hispanic from Mexico, a Caucasian from Canada or an Aborigine from Tasmania: race has nothing to do with it. Nationality, rather than racial ethnicity, is what drives the law.
Oddly enough, virtually all of the illegal immigrants now crushing the economy of Arizona - not to mention those committing (in alphabetical order) assaults, burglaries, car-jackings, kidnappings, murders, rapes and robberies - are from Mexico or nations south of Mexico. And, by the way, have you checked lately how Mexico treats illegal aliens from Guatemala, Nicaragua or El Salvador?
Because the vast majority of those people are also of Hispanic or mixed indigenous races, it is much easier and convenient to accuse those who would enforce the law as being motivated by racial bias rather than by what the real motivation is: protection of the border of one nation against the unlawful crossings and predations of citizens and residents of other nations. Then again, reason and rational thought has never characterized the fulminations of the open-borders crowd.
A “nation” that fails - or as in the case of the United States under the current regime in charge, refuses - to enforce its borders is no longer a “nation;” it has become merely a Balkanized “region.” That did not work out so well in Europe, so why the regime now in power seems so infatuated with it here remains a bit of a mystery.
Third, a distinction needs to be observed between situations when a law is held “unconstitutional” and situations when it is held “preempted.” The new Arizona laws, utilizing the identical templates employed (but fallen into desuetude) by the federal government and which templates have long-ago been held constitutional by the United States Supreme Court, are not unconstitutional.
That is why the focus of the sabers now being rattled by Eric “No-of-Course-I’ve-not-Read-the-Law” Holder is on the “preemption” legal doctrine. Preemption does not depend upon the constitutionality of a law, but rather analyzes whether there is a compelling federal reason to preclude its operation, even if otherwise constitutional. Stated otherwise, a state law may still be completely constitutional, but nonetheless held not to apply because the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution allows the federal law or scheme to simply trump or suspend its application.
That legal principle, distilled to its essence, states merely that if there is a subject matter area (say, immigration) as to which the federal government has so “occupied the field” as to leave no room for further involvement or “intrusion” by conflicting state laws which could impinge upon or impede the efficient execution and enforcement of the laws by the feds, then the state law will be “preempted” and not allowed to interfere. Sadly, to use the terms “efficient” and “enforcement” in the same sentence when referring to federal actions regarding border security and illegal immigration is a gigantic linguistic non sequitur.
The Supreme Court has held that a state law can be pre-empted in one or more of three different ways. First, Congress can define explicitly the extent to which its enactments pre-empt state law; second, in the absence of explicit statutory language, state law is pre-empted where it regulates conduct in a field that Congress intended the federal government to occupy exclusively; and third, state law is pre-empted to the extent that it actually conflicts with federal law. See English v. General Electric Co., 496 U.S. 72, 78-79 (1990).
Despite what will undoubtedly be Señor Holder’s arguments to the contrary, none of those criteria fit the relationship between Arizona’s new laws and the federal scheme devised by Congress - not to be confused with the scheme for ”solving” the illegal immigration problem as seen by the Obama administration and its apparatchiks, also known as “amnesty” and automatic registration as a Democrat - to control illegal immigration.
As to the first criterion, nowhere in the federal laws addressing the issue is there the “explicit” directive that the states can have no role. On the contrary, federal immigration laws are replete with references to instances where state law enforcement personnel and employees can be called upon to assist. For example, 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g) is titled, and specifically addresses, the “Performance of immigration officer functions by State officers and employees.”
Those functions, of course, are to be carried out under cooperative agreements between the state and the federal government, overseen by the Attorney General, and which must certify that the state personnel “shall have knowledge of, and adhere to, federal law relating to the function, and shall contain a written certification that the officers or employees performing the function under the agreement have received adequate training regarding the enforcement of relevant federal immigration laws.”
To those with keen powers of observation, it should become readily apparent that, under this law, one way in which Señor Holder might be able to impede the efficient operation of Arizona’s new laws would be to simply refuse to enter into the required agreement. In this way, he would be assured of garnering the approval of his boss, who has already labeled Arizona’s efforts as “misguided” and who has praised Mexico’s president (and Harvard alum) Felipe Calderon for bashing Arizona’s efforts from host-supplied podiums in the Rose Garden and in the Well of the House. The new Arizona laws, however, are not dependent upon federal execution of such agreements.
Still, the fact that the current Attorney General might be tempted to make the federal government an accomplice to and facilitator of the continued flood of illegal immigrants over Arizona’s southern border by refusing to enter into such agreements or threaten to do so does nothing to assist in his preemption argument.
Plainly, Congress - not some transient executive branch employee - has not only refused explicitly to preempt state laws such as Arizona’s in the area, it has articulated precisely the opposite intent through enactment of 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g). The only thing Holder’s intransigence would do is underscore his sympathy for and support of the continued feckless federal policy of border non-enforcement and illegal immigrant free-passage across the border.
As for the second basis upon which preemption might occur, a congressional intent to preempt - again, not to be confused with an executive branch refusal to enforce - may be inferred from a scheme of federal regulation so pervasive as to make reasonable the inference that Congress left no room for the states to supplement it, or where an act of Congress touches a field in which the federal interest is so dominant that the federal system will be assumed to preclude enforcement of state laws on the same subject.
Once more, the enactment by Congress of 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g) answers the question, and answers it in an unambiguous and dispositive way. Congress intends for the states to assist the federal government in the attainment of control and securing of the borders against foreign invasion. Such a congressional intent can be equated with “frustrating” or “impeding” attainment of the federal goals only in the inverted, PC recesses of Eric Holder’s brain.
Finally, as to the third prong, state laws have been found pre-empted where it is impossible for a private party to comply with both state and federal requirements or where state law stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress. Since the Arizona laws track the federal laws regarding the identification and detainment of illegal border crossers, this criterion for preemption is also missing.
In short, the new Arizona laws will not only fail to impede or frustrate attainment of the congressional objectives, they will fill the void created by a lax, incompetent and insouciant federal immigration law enforcement bureaucracy which has allowed the problem to grow into the 900-pound gorilla now sulking in the corner and inexorably continuing to take its burdensome toll on the citizens and lawful residents of Arizona.
The irony of Attorney General Holder’s synthetic indignation over Arizona’s law (which of course he had not read before blasting) is that it actually emphasizes his true sentiments on the topic. By falsely asserting that the law will encourage “racial profiling” - which, by the way, the law specifically prohibits… explicitly… - Holder buys into the prevarication that the color of one’s skin should be the litmus test for investigating whether one is an illegal alien or not.
While lawfully-admitted aliens of whatever skin color can by federal immigration personnel be stopped and asked for their papers, and upon presentation of same be sent on their way with wishes to “have a good day,” illegal immigrants are somehow, through a weird, PC-driven, goof-ball process, to be accorded rights superior to those who have obeyed the law. In this “1984″ world of hope and change we now enjoy - some might use the term “endure” instead - the Newspeak of Obama, coupled with the Doublethink of Holder, turns the notion of the “rule of law” on its head… and then excoriates as “racists” all who refuse to pay homage to such lunacy.
Earth to Eric Holder: lighten up on the Starbucks lattés and switch over to Walgreen’s smelling salts.
Mercifully, Arizona has seen through the fog - thickened and emulsified through misrepresentation, fabrication and journalistic malpractice by those who oppose the enforecement of the law - and enacted a set of laws which, with any kind of luck, will finally either stem the flow of illegal immigrants across the border or prod the federal government, at long last, to actually do something as opposed to merely rant over the temerity of a sovereign state of the union taking tangible steps to clean up the mess created by the federal government.
Obama, Holder, Napolitano and their enablers are hypocrites; worse, they are hypocrites in office.
For the moment.